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24Feb

MOSIP Connect 2026 Calls for Scalable, Country-Driven Digital Public Infrastructure

Author CIPESA Posted on

By Milliam Murigi |

African governments have been urged to move beyond pilot projects and develop a Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) that is open, secure, nationally owned and capable of operating at a full national scale to truly serve citizens.

This call was made today in Morocco during the launch of the MOSIP Connect 2026 conference. Speaking at the event, Prof. Debabrata Das, Director of the International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) – Bangalore, emphasized that DPI cannot remain at the pilot stage indefinitely.

“DPI must be scaled to operate at national levels,” he said, highlighting that such systems are not just technology projects but national assets that underpin citizens’ access to services like education, health, social protection, and payments.

DPI refers to government-backed digital systems and platforms designed to provide citizens with secure, accessible, and efficient services. These systems include national digital IDs, e-government portals, digital payment platforms, and health and social service databases.

Across Africa, countries are making significant strides in implementing DPI, though progress varies widely. Ghana’s national ID system, the Ghana Card, has been linked to banking, mobile verification, and social services, while Rwanda has achieved over 90 percent coverage of adults with digital IDs integrated into multiple government services.

Kenya’s Maisha Namba program seeks to consolidate several identity databases into a single, unified platform. Despite these advances, many initiatives remain fragmented or confined to pilot projects, limiting their ability to deliver services nationwide.

Prof. Das stressed that for DPI to deliver real public value, it must be open-source, secure, respect national and data sovereignty, and be designed to evolve with changing policies, technologies, and citizen needs.

“DPI is not regular software development. When embraced, it becomes part of the relationship between citizens and the state. That means it must be based on evidence, transparency, accountability and continuous learning.”

According to him, six principles should guide next-generation DPI development: open-source technology, respect for national and data sovereignty, neutrality in partnerships, reusability of systems, commitment to national-scale deployment and the ability to evolve as policies, technologies and citizens’ needs change.

Additionally, he added that building successful national digital systems requires three elements working together: strong technology platforms and standards, governance structures that ensure accountability, and institutional and user capacity to adopt the systems. Without all three, pilot programs risk failing to scale.

“Data creates power. Countries must retain control over the data generated through digital systems. This is why sovereignty considerations are central to MOSIP’s approach when working with governments,” he added.

The Modular Open Source Identity Platform (MOSIP) a IIIT-Bangalore project, offers countries modular and open-source technology to build and own their national identity systems. The project aims to provide governments with the tools for meaningful digital transformation, established on a bedrock of good principles and human-centric design.

Speaking at the same event, Abdelhak Harrak, Director of Information Systems and Telecommunications, Ministry of the Interior, Kingdom of Morocco said that the success of a digital identification system does not rely solely on technical solutions, however advanced they may be, it also depends on strong governance and the sustained mobilization of teams responsible for rigorously managing complex transformations involving numerous field actors. It is this synergy that ensures both the security and the sustainability of a national identification system.

“Technology alone cannot drive change; it is the alignment of people, processes, and purpose that turns innovation into lasting impact,” said Harrak.

He also highlighted the role of private-sector and civil-society partners in building sustainable digital ecosystems. He described them as “essential” rather than peripheral, noting that innovation often comes from organizations that build localized solutions on top of open platforms.

This article was first published by Science Africa on February 12, 2026.

20Feb

#KeepItOn: Authorities Must Reverse Social Media Shutdown Order and Restore Access in Gabon

Author CIPESA Posted on

#KeepItOn |

We, the undersigned organizations, and members of the #KeepItOn coalition — a global network of over 345 human rights organizations from 105 countries working to end internet shutdowns — urgently demand the government of Gabon to immediately reverse orders to shut down social media indefinitely in the country. The order is in gross violation of national and international human rights frameworks and must not be allowed to continue.

In a televised announcement on February 17, 2026, Jean-Claude Mendome — spokesperson for the High Authority for Communication (HAC) — announced the immediate suspension of social networks to prevent the “spread of false information.” The spokesperson claimed the measures were necessary to protect national unity and prevent social conflict. According to the Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI), as of February 18, 2026, access to major social media platforms including Facebook, WhatsApp, TikTok, Instagram and YouTube is being blocked in the country.

The directive comes amidst ongoing anti-government protests and a labour strike in Gabon. Restricting access to critical digital platforms in times of uncertainty stifles the freedom of expression and the right to access information. These platforms do not only facilitate social communications, they also serve as platforms for economic empowerment. Additionally, evidence shows that blocking access to vital communication platforms amplifies the spread of misinformation.

The #KeepItOn coalition has documented multiple incidents of shutdowns in Gabon in the past, most recently during the August 2023 elections. As polls closed on August 26, 2023, authorities shut down the internet even as they declared Ali Bongo the winner. Internet access was only restored on August, 30, 2023, following a military coup that annulled the election results and deposed the Bongo administration.

Prior to this, in 2021, Access Now and the #KeepItOn coalition documented instances of internet access throttling aimed at suppressing protests against government COVID-related measures. In 2019, Gabonese authorities shut down internet and broadcasting services following an attempted coup. In 2016, the government activated the kill switch in response to protests, clashes, looting, and arrests in the capital, Libreville, following the re-election of former President Ali Bongo. We urge President Nguema’s government not to fall into the same dangerous pattern, uphold human rights and ensure unfettered access for all.

Internet shutdowns contravene national and international legal frameworks. Article 1(2) of the Constitution of Gabon guarantees the right to freedom of expression. International instruments to which Gabon is a signatory, including the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights similarly make express provision for these rights. While these rights are not absolute, their limitations must be necessary and proportionate, as asserted by the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Committee in General Comment No.34.

Clement N. Voule, the UN Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association, highlighted in his report the crucial role of digital technologies in expanding opportunities for the enjoyment and exercise of peaceful assembly and association rights and also raised concerns about the use of these technologies by state and non-state actors “to silence, surveil and harass dissidents, political opposition, human rights defenders, activists, and protesters.”

The 2016 African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) Resolution also recognizes the “importance of the internet in advancing human and people’s rights in Africa,” expressing concern over the “emerging practice of State Parties interrupting or limiting access to telecommunication services such as the internet, social media, and messaging services.” The Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information in Africa 2019 calls upon States not to “engage in or condone any disruption of access to the internet and other digital technologies for segments of the public or an entire population.”

Telecommunication companies have a duty to uphold human rights and undertake proactive steps to mitigate rights-violating practices such as internet shutdowns. The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights provide guidelines on how companies can promote human rights due to their unique position between authorities and the end user. The principles make specific recommendations including performing due diligence when entering new markets and implementing transparency measures around government directives.  We call on telecommunications companies and internet service providers (ISPs) operating in Gabon — including Moov Gabon, Gabon Telecom, and Airtel Gabon — to refrain from enforcing the shutdown orders received from the authorities and undertake urgent measures to provide the people of Gabon with open, and secure access to the internet and digital communication tools at all times

Access Now and members of the #KeepItOn coalition call on the government of Gabon, ISPs as well as relevant actors, and urge the following:

  • The Gabonese government must immediately revoke the shutdown directive, restore access, and refrain from imposing network disruptions in the future; and
  • We urge Moov Gabon, Gabon Telecom, and Airtel Gabon to stop enforcing shutdown orders, push back against illegal government directives, and uphold their duty to respect people’s rights in Gabon.

Signatories

  • Access Now
  • Activate Rights
  • Afia-Amani Grands-Lacs
  • Afghanistan Democracy and Development Organization (ADDO)
  • African Freedom of Expression Exchange (AFEX)
  • Africa Freedom of Information Center (AFIC)
  • Africa Open Data and Internet Research Foundation (AODIRF)
  • AfricTivistes
  • Bloggers Association of Kenya (BAKE)
  • Bloggers of Zambia- BloggersZM 
  • Center for Media Studies and Peacebuilding (CEMESP)
  • Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA)
  • Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)
  • Conexión Segura y Libre (CSL)
  • Digital Access
  • Digicivic Initiative
  • Digital Resilience Development (Tajikistan)
  • Digital Rights Watch (DRW) 
  • EG Justice 
  • Foundation for Internet Rights and Innovation (FIRI)
  • Freedom Forum, Nepal
  • Gambia Press Union (GPU)
  • Human Rights Journalists Network Nigeria
  • Initiative for Embracing Humanity in Africa (IEHA)
  • Internet Governance Tanzania Working Group (IGTWG)
  • Internet Without Borders
  • International Press Centre (IPC)
  • International Press Institute (IPI)
  • JCA-NET(Japan)
  • Jonction, Senegal
  • KICTANet
  • Kijiji Yeetu
  • Life campaign to abolish the death sentence in Kurdistan Network
  • LIM NGUEN FOUNDATION [LNF]-SOUTH SUDAN
  • Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA)
  • Media Rights Agenda (MRA)
  • Office of Civil Freedoms
  • Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI)
  • Organization of the Justice Campaign
  • Pakistan Press Foundation 
  • Paradigm Initiative (PIN)
  • Robert & Ethel Kennedy Human Rights Center
  • Rudi International
  • SMEX
  • Tech & Media Convergency (TMC)
  • Ubunteam
  • West African Digital Rights Defenders Coalition
  • Women of Uganda Network (WOUGNET)
  • YODET
  • Zaina Foundation

09Feb

Building Digital Safety and Agency for Young Women in Somalia

Author CIPESA Posted on

By Digital Shelter |

Digital inclusion is often framed as access and numbers – how many people are trained, device ownership, and how many users are connected. In Somalia, however, the reality is far more complex. While recent data suggest that internet penetration has reached approximately 55 percent of the population, and there are over 10 million internet users, social media adoption remains low and skewed toward male users, with women constituting a smaller proportion of those who are online.

Meanwhile, the political and civic space remains constrained. Due to protracted conflict, fragmented governance and insecurity, Somalia is classified as “Not Free” in global democracy assessments. The country also ranks near the bottom in press freedom indices, with journalists and media houses facing threats, harassment, arbitrary closures, and censorship pressures, particularly in conflict-affected regions, making open expression online and offline perilous.

Young Somali women are joining digital spaces shaped by these fragile conditions, coupled with unequal power relations and persistent safety concerns. Many are navigating unstable job markets, expectations to contribute to family livelihoods, and social norms that continue to question women’s visibility and voice, both online and offline. In such a context, digital upskilling is not merely technical but rather deeply social, economic, and political. If approached narrowly, it risks reproducing existing exclusions by focusing only on tools and outputs.

The Digital Skills for Girls (DS4G) programme by Digital Shelter is designed with this in mind, treating digital skilling and inclusion not as isolated competencies but as entry points into broader questions of participation, agency, and voice within Somalia’s evolving digital ecosystem. Combining practical digital skills, digital safety and rights awareness, DS4G has supported 35 women and girls, conducted monthly meet ups and stakeholder engagements to empower young Somali women.

With initial funding from AccessNow in 2024, the US funding cuts affected the continuity of DS4G. A discretionary award under the Africa Digital Rights Fund (ADRF) – an initiative of the Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA)—supported continued implementation through 2025.

As noted by Ali, “At a time when many organisations were forced to scale back activities due to funding instability, CIPESA’s discretionary support allowed Digital Shelter to remain operational and responsive, ensuring that young women continued to access skills and learning spaces designed to support meaningful participation in digital, social and civic life”. He added that through DS4G, Digital Shelter had strengthened its role as a trusted, women-centered digital rights actor with a replicable programme model.

The DS4G’s sessions included graphic design, personal branding, emerging technologies, data protection and privacy, online threats and risks, and career development. A key component of DS4G was the Cyber Safety for Women event, which reinforced digital safety as a collective concern. The event featured a documentary screening on lived digital experiences and panel discussions on gender, online safety, and participation.

“DS4G recognised that technical skills alone are insufficient unless young women are also equipped to navigate digital environments safely, communicate confidently and position themselves for future opportunities,” said Digital Shelter’s Executive Director, Abdifatah Ali.

According to Digital Shelter, the inclusion of graphic design in the DS4G programme was a strategic one. The team argues that sitting at the intersection of creativity, communication, and influence, design shapes how information is interpreted, whose stories are amplified, and which messages gain traction. For the participants of DS4G, many of whom were students or recent graduates, it offered an accessible entry into digital work.

“As the training progressed, participants moved beyond executing tasks to interrogating purpose and impact, asking who messages are for, what they communicate, and how design can support causes, campaigns, and community conversations,” said Ayan Khalif, Digital Shelter’s Program Manager.

Indeed, participant feedback reflects positive outcomes – both skills acquisition and agency. “Before this project, I used social media without thinking much about safety. Now I understand how to protect myself online and how important digital security is for women like us,” said one participant. As part of reflection exercises, participants explored how design could support community initiatives, advocacy efforts and communicate messages. Another participant stated, “The monthly meetups helped me gain confidence. Speaking in front of others was difficult at first, but now I feel more comfortable expressing my ideas.”

The DS4G initiative has empowered a cohort of young women to navigate digital spaces with confidence and security, equipped with skills to exploit economic opportunities, advocate for change, and engage safely and confidently in community affairs.

04Feb

Why Data and AI Governance Are Central to Africa’s Digital Trade Ambitions

Author CIPESA Posted on

By CIPESA Writer |

Digital technologies are changing how African businesses trade and connect across borders. However, digital trade on the continent remains hugely constrained, including by regulatory fragmentation, infrastructure gaps, and bureaucratic hurdles. How then should African countries leverage the growing digitalisation and emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) to boost their digital economies?

According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), in 2024, Africa’s exports of digitally delivered services (DDS) were valued at USD 41.3 billion, representing just one percent of global exports. Nonetheless, the continent’s prospects are promising. The WTO and the World Bank project that greater use of digital technologies could boost Africa’s digital services exports by USD 74 billion between 2023 and 2040, doubling Africa’s share of global exports.

Evidently, if African countries do not address existing barriers and take decisive action, the continent risks becoming an even more marginal player in the global digital trade ecosystem. How to bridge the barriers and leverage data and AI to shape digital trade and Africa’s economic future was at the centre of discussions at the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) Summit 2025, held in Nairobi, Kenya, last December.

A panel on digital trade and the governance of digital and AI economies, where the Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA) featured, stressed that, although frameworks such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Digital Trade Protocol are a step in the right direction, they could fail to significantly grow digital trade if member states lack enabling data and AI governance systems and practices.

Today, DDS account for approximately 35% of Africa’s total services export value, and have been rising at a double-digit rate, outpacing growth in other regions globally. However, growth in digital services trade remains uneven, concentrated in a handful of countries, mostly South Africa, Morocco, Ghana, Egypt, and Mauritius. Kenya, Nigeria and Tunisia are also notable players but with lower export values than the leading African countries.

Regional initiatives such as the AfCFTA Digital Trade Protocol can help to expand digital trade beyond domestic markets, including in countries that currently lag. The protocol, which was adopted two years ago, aims to harmonise rules for cross-border digital trade across Africa, including on electronic transactions, data governance, and digital payments. Meanwhile, the African Guidelines on Integrating Data Provisions in Protocols on Digital Trade of 2024, emphasise harmonised data governance as an enabler of secure and inclusive digital trade across Africa.

The African Union Data Policy Framework (AUDPF) similarly provides for interoperable data ecosystems across the continent, that are enabled by harmonised laws that support both innovation and rights protection. The various regional efforts support the dream of a Digital Single Market by 2030, as envisaged by the Africa Digital Transformation Strategy of the African Union.

The Galore of Barriers

The region currently lacks an operational continent‑wide harmonised framework for data protection, e‑commerce regulation, digital taxation, or AI governance. This gap raises compliance costs and presents a barrier to businesses that aim to scale operations across borders. This undermines cross‑border digital trade and data flows. Moreover, lack of regulations for paperless trade, including on electronic invoicing, e-signatures and e-contracts, presents an additional hurdle.

On the other hand, high taxes on goods, services, data, and devices drive up costs for businesses, yet several entrepreneurs struggle to access affordable digital financial services, including for effecting cross-border payments. These challenges are made worse by low internet speeds, unreliable electricity supply, as well as weak understanding of export regulations, data protection, and cybersecurity.

Addressing these barriers would offer entrepreneurs a range of benefits. Businesses can reach new customers beyond national borders without investing much in physical export infrastructure, which can reduce costs and expand their market reach. Also, interoperable digital payments can help to minimise settlement delays and overcome currency conversion hurdles.

Priorities on AI and Data Governance

Projections by a WTO 2025 report show that AI could boost the value of cross-border flows of goods and services by around 40% by 2040, due to productivity gains and lower trade costs. However, Africa’s readiness for AI regulation and uptake, particularly by small and medium enterprises, remains low. The WTO report points to AI’s potential to reduce logistics costs, overcome language barriers, ease regulatory compliance, and boost productivity.

In a March 2025 survey among firms from across the world, the most cited benefits of AI were improved trade efficiency (22%), optimised trade decision-making (14%), expanding the foreign customer base (10%), enhanced supply chain management (9%), and broader import and export product ranges (9% and 8% respectively).

How data and AI are governed is therefore key for the future of Africa’s digital economy. If African countries do not put in place robust and harmonised legislation, they will risk perpetuating patterns of the so-called “AI colonialism” in which African data and users fuel global AI markets yet their economies do not receive proportionate economic benefits. Many African countries are adopting AI in the public and private sectors but lack comprehensive AI-specific laws and governance frameworks and often rely instead on outdated laws that pre-date the current technologies.

The State of Internet Freedom in Africa 2025 report calls for human‑centred AI laws that ensure transparency in algorithms, clear accountability, and effective mechanisms for liability and redress. The report urges governments to strengthen independent AI and data oversight institutions, invest in digital infrastructure and inclusion, expand internet access, and ensure AI tools serve local languages. The report also highlights that Africa’s AI market is projected to grow from USD 4.51 billion in 2025 to USD 16.5 billion by 2030.

Africa thus urgently needs cross-border data governance frameworks that support trusted data flows, reduce fragmented national rules, and establish interoperable standards to boost regional digital trade under initiatives such as AfCFTA and the AUDPF. At the same time, investments in affordable connectivity, local cloud capacity, public digital platforms, and datasets in African languages are essential.

The Role of Civil Society and Think Tanks

The Summit discussion stressed the urgent need for research to inform policy, particularly on cross-border data flows, AI adoption, and ways for Africa to avoid new forms of dependency while getting greater value from its data and digital innovation.

Also essential is civil society engagement in monitoring the implementation of continental digital trade and data initiatives, supporting harmonisation of policies and standards, and building the capacity of policymakers, regulators, and businesses.

Actions to Grow Digital Trade in Africa

  • Embrace digital transformation and connectivity by investing in robust networks and backup systems.
  • Implement robust cyber security frameworks while ensuring effective cyber leadership and prioritising investments in cyber infrastructure, skilling, awareness.
  • Recognise data as a trade enabler by ensuring trade agreements have provisions that prevent unnecessary restrictions on data flows.
  • Harmonise data protection standards to reduce compliance costs for businesses and build trust among different stakeholders.
  • Adopt and implement Intellectual Property (IP) laws to ensure that local innovators and individuals in the region benefit.
  • Build robust digital infrastructure with a focus on Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) and data privacy.
  • Assess and address the impact of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain and IoT, ensuring they foster innovation and address ethical challenges.

Source: CIPESA – Policy Considerations for Enhancing Digital Trade in East Africa

29Jan

Data Protection Officers Convene to Strengthen Privacy Leadership on International Data Privacy Day

Author CIPESA Posted on

By Anitah Ahebwa |

Data Protection Officers (DPOs) from across the country gathered at Four Points by Sheraton, Kampala, on Wednesday, 28 January 2026, for a masterclass aimed at strengthening strategic data protection leadership. Organised by the Personal Data Protection Office (PDPO) in partnership with the Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA), the event marked the annual International Data Privacy Day and focused on helping DPOs balance compliance, risk, and business needs within their organisations.

While giving opening remarks at the masterclass, Baker Birikujja, the National Personal Data Protection Director, highlighted the everyday realities of personal data protection.

“Some of the most damaging privacy incidents do not begin with hackers,” he said. “They begin with a printed report left on a desk, a patient file discussed in an open corridor, an unlocked cabinet, or a phone call handled without discretion. Personal data exists not only online, but on paper, in recordings, photographs, CCTV footage, and everyday conversations and it deserves the same discipline and respect wherever it sits.”

He added that modern privacy management is not merely a file of policies. “It is a system of decisions, behaviors, controls, and accountability,” he said, noting that effective data protection requires attention to both digital environments such as databases, apps, and cloud services, and physical or offline environments, including paper records, filing systems, CCTV, and call recordings.

Edrine Wanyama, Programme Manager Legal at CIPESA, noted that the partnership with the PDPO was driven by a shared commitment to building strong and effective collaborations in data governance and protection. “We believe in building good partnerships, and we have actively leveraged and worked through these processes to buttress efforts,” he said. He added that data protection is central to CIPESA’s work.

He further noted that marking International Data Privacy Day through the workshop was intentional, explaining that the masterclass was designed to enhance knowledge of Data Protection Officers and build their capacity to effectively respond to emerging data protection risks and take appropriate actions

Edrine Wanyama, Programme Manager, Legal at CIPESA, explained why CIPESA partnered with PDPO; “We believe in building strong partnerships and have leveraged these collaborations over time. Data protection is central to what we do, and data is critical because it relates directly to individuals.”

He also highlighted that the timing of the masterclass on International Data Privacy Day was intentional. He noted that the workshop was designed to bring Data Protection Officers together to not only acquire knowledge but also build their capacity to effectively do their work.

The masterclass featured three key sessions. The first explored the evolving role of the DPO as a strategic advisor, covering legal mandates, independence, and repositioning from a compliance officer to a trusted advisor. The second session focused on applying a risk-based approach to data protection, helping DPOs identify high-risk processing activities, prioritise compliance actions, and use risk assessments to guide management decisions. The final session addressed balancing compliance, risk, and business needs, equipping DPOs with strategies to advise leadership in clear business language, support innovation, and document recommendations effectively.

The sessions come against a backdrop of broader challenges for DPOs in Uganda. A recent PDPO training needs assessment conducted by the PDPO in November 2022, revealed that around 90.6% of DPOs lack formal certification in data protection and privacy, and only a small proportion have technical or legal backgrounds. Many officers are also less involved in core compliance tasks such as audits, breach reporting, and managing data protection complaints. These findings highlight the continued importance of professional development and knowledge-sharing forums like this masterclass.

By convening DPOs on International Data Privacy Day, PDPO and CIPESA emphasised the need for proactive privacy leadership in safeguarding personal data and maintaining public trust. Participants were equipped with practical tools to advise management, manage data protection risks, and integrate privacy considerations into organisational practices.

The masterclass is part of PDPO’s ongoing efforts to foster a culture of responsible data governance in Uganda, ensuring that personal data protection extends beyond regulatory compliance to build public confidence in the country’s growing digital economy.

Following the sessions, participants agreed on collective actions to:

  • Prioritise privacy-by-design and continually engage in robust cybersecurity practices aimed at protecting and securing individuals’ personal data.
  • Develop internal data protection policies to guide the implementation of data practices and ensure personal data protection.
  • Keep abreast of technological developments, including AI, and ensure minimisation of risks associated with it for progressive data protection.
  • Conduct staff and customer tailored trainings and raise awareness amongst them on data protection and the need to safeguard their data.
  • Ensure that as DPOs, they take on pivotal leadership over data protection to ensure compliance with the data protection principles and protection of data protection rights.
  • Hold all perpetrators of data breaches accountable for their actions in order to deter any further similar breaches by errant data controllers and processors.
  • Conduct regular data mapping and maintain up-to-date records of processing activities to understand what data is in their possession and how to rightly handle it in the changing technological and business spaces.
  • Foster collaboration across teams and recognise that privacy cannot be managed in isolation but through joint responsibility and efforts.
  • Recognise their central role in the compliance and reporting function to ensure the establishment of safeguards that protect their organisations from reputational, legal, and financial harms.

Please see an emerging press release here.

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